1دانشجوی دکتری،دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری،دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
2دانشیار،گروه مدیریت صنعتی،دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری،دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
3- استاد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
4- استادیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
موتور محرک اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان، شرکت‌هاى دانش‌بنیان هستند که نقشی کلیدی در توسعه اقتصاد دانش‌محور دارند. این شرکت‌ها در هم‌افزایی علم و ثروت، توسعه اقتصاد دانش‌محور، تحقق اهداف علمی، اقتصادی و تجاری‌سازی نتایج پژوهش و توسعه در حوزه فناوری‌های برتر نقش دارند. در متون علمی، عبارت‌هایی نظیر جامعه دانشی، هوشمندی، سازمان‌های یادگیرنده و یا سازمان‌های دانش‌بنیان مورد استفاده زیادی قرار گرفته‌اند. به این مفهوم که سازمان‌ها باید از راه یادگیری به صورت هوشمندانه عمل کنند. مفهومی که ما از شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان دنبال می‌کنیم براساس مبانی نظری و مرور ادبیات نشان می‌دهد که این مفهوم بیشتر با مفاهیم شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط، شرکت‌های نوپا، صنایع با فناوری بالا، شرکت‌های جدید فناوری‌بنیان و شرکت‌های زایشی ارتباط و همپوشانی دارد.
در این پژوهش تلاش شده است تا با توجه به تعاریف ارائه شده در متون علمی و با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، رویکردهای اصلی موجود در تعاریف شناسایی شده و دسته‌بندی مناسبی از آنها ارائه شود. براساس تحلیل محتوای تعاریف ارائه شده به‌وسیله محققان مختلف و همچنین ویژگی‌های ارائه شده در مطالعات گوناگون، معیارهای جدید بودن فناوری و ظهور صنایع جدید در قالب تعریف بخش و فناوری بالا یا متوسط، جوان بودن شرکت‌ها، اندازه شرکت‌ها، استقلال شرکت‌ها، موضوع فعالیت شرکت‌ها که به بهره‌برداری از دانش فنی جدید یا فناوری و تمرکز بر پژوهش و توسعه اشاره دارد و ویژگی مؤسسان، بیانگر ویژگی‌های اصلی شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان هستند.
Knowledge-based firms are driver of knowledge-based economy that play a key role in development of it. These firms cause synergy in science and wealth, development of knowledge-based economy, achieving scientific and economic goals and commercialization of research and development in the field of high technologies .In literature, terms such as knowledge society, intelligence, learning or knowledge-based organizations are used more often. Related to these concepts, organizations should act intelligently by learning. But theoretical knowledge and review of the literature show that concept of knowledge-based firms are related with the concept of SMEs, start-ups, high-tech industries, new technology based firms and Spin-Offs firms. In this paper we try to identify the main approaches in definitions and provide proper classification of them according to the definitions provided in the literature and using content analysis method. Based on content analysis of the definitions proposed by various researchers and the features offered in several studies, Following Criteria are main characteristics of knowledge based firms: be technologically new, emergence of new industries in the form of definition of sector and medium or high technology, young firms, size of firms, independence of firms, subject of firms –that implies exploitation from new know-how or new technology and a focus on R&D, and founder characteristic.
کلیدواژه ها [English]
SME, Start-Up, Spin-Offs Firm, New Technology Based Firm, Knowledge-Based Firm.
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